thus + -ing clause to indicate cause and effect
express the next step in the process:
e.g. Prices rise, thus leading to a drop in demand.
express a resulting problem:
e.g. Prices rise, thus increasing the chance of hyperinflation.
express a resulting solution:
e.g. Prices rise, thus increasing earnings that can then be reinvested in the enterprise.
Combining or linking verb phrases
e.g. Each virus strain is grown separately inside the eggs over the course of several days, after which it is harvested, inactivated, and purified.
Linking verb / verb phrases can sometimes lead to ambiguity.
Time adverbials
e.g. once, first, next, then, finally
Taking the -ed participle in the passive construction and using it as an adjective.